The U.N. Human Rights Council meets in Geneva. (U.N. Photo by Jean-Marc Ferre)
(Update: The United States is virtually assured of joining the U.N. Human Rights Council after New Zealand pulled out of the running on Wednesday. New Zealand's Foreign Minister Murray McCully says his country stepped aside because the U.S. can have a greater impact on the 47-member body.)

(CNSNews.com)
– The Obama administration’s decision to seek a seat on the U.N. Human Rights Council has drawn mixed reactions, with some close observers of the Geneva-based body questioning whether U.S. membership will make any difference.
 
For the first time since the council was established in 2006, the U.S. will run for a seat this year, in keeping with the administration’s “new era of engagement” with other nations, the State Department said Tuesday. The full 192-member General Assembly in New York will vote to fill 18 council seats in mid-May.
 
Human rights advocacy groups generally agree that the HRC, created to replace the widely-discredited 60-year-old U.N. Commission on Human Rights, has been a disappointment.
 
But while some believe the U.S. should be inside, seeking improvements, others say it should remain out while pressing for reforms, arguing that the problems are built into the council’s composition and lack of strict membership criteria.
 
Mirroring its predecessor, the council has singled out Israel for censure, while nations with poor human rights records have used their membership to block criticism of themselves and their allies. Islamic nations have successfully promoted controversial “defamation of religion” measures.
 
In the closing stages of its most recent session, which ended on Friday, the HRC passed a religious defamation resolution and – on a single day – five separate resolutions critical of Israel.
 
“The council is worse than ever before, pathologically obsessed with scapegoating Israel – in more than 80 percent of all resolutions – while turning a blind eye to millions of human rights victims around the world,” Hillel Neuer, executive director of U.N. Watch, a Geneva-based monitoring group, said Tuesday.
 
The Bush administration shunned the HRC, symbolically withheld funding and eventually stopped participating in its sessions even in an observer capacity.
 
One month ago, the new administration returned as an observer. Human rights organizations subsequently wrote to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, urging the administration to stand for election.
 
U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. Susan Rice said Tuesday the administration believed that, “working from within, we can make the council a more effective forum to promote and protect human rights. We hope to work in partnership with many countries to achieve a more effective council.”
 
A successful U.S. bid will not add to the number of democracies on the council. Instead it will replace an outgoing democracy – Canada, Germany or Switzerland – in one of just seven HRC seats earmarked for Western nations.
 
The seat allocation is a key factor in the council’s controversial record: The U.N.’s Asian and African groups together enjoy a locked-in majority – 26 of the council’s 47 seats. While those groups include democracies, they also contain many countries which restrict political freedoms and civil liberties.


The Human Rights Council has been criticized for disproportionately criticizing Israel at the expense of other situations around the world. In this March 2, 2009 photo, Iranian Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki used the HRC as a platform to condemn the “illegitimate Zionist regime” and call for Israeli leaders to be indicted for crimes against humanity. (AP Photo)
One third of the seats are currently held by members of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), which has spearheaded the anti-Israel and religious defamation campaigns, with support from non-Muslim allies like Cuba, China and South Africa.
 
‘A cover for human wrongs’
 
Neuer said U.N. Watch welcomed the U.S. decision – “but only if it’s to vigorously push back against the world’s worst abusers, who currently have the human rights agenda in an Orwellian stranglehold.”
 
A “turning of the tide” was needed, he said. Noting that Egypt and Pakistan – “leading council hardliners” – receive significant funding from the U.S., he voiced the hope that would “back off somewhat now that their chief funder is sitting at the table.”
 
“With high-level advocacy by Washington, some wavering states could lean toward principle instead of politics,” Neuer added.
 
Human Rights Watch was one of the signatories of the letter to Clinton last month. Asked Tuesday whether it believed the U.S. could make a difference, given the council’s makeup and voting patterns over the past three years, the organization’s chief operating office Suzanne Nossel acknowledged the difficulties.
 
“The council is imperfect. Its composition and membership pose challenges,” she said. “But the council’s mandate and agenda are critical to the protection and enforcement of human rights worldwide and we definitely see the potential for improvement, particularly with the U.S. at the table.”
 
Other strongly disagreed.
 
“The real winners are the human rights abusers who control the so-called Human Rights Council,” said Anne Bayefsky, editor of the Hudson Institute’s Eye on the U.N. project.
 
“The U.S. on the council has no prospect of changing outcomes and the demonization of Israel that results. It just legitimizes the body that uses human rights as a cover for more human wrongs.”
 
“President Bush understood that there could be no positive result from American participation in an international body so inherently hostile to Israel and so fundamentally incapable of acting in defense of human rights,” said Republican Jewish Coalition executive director Matthew Brooks.
 
“That President Obama has chosen to reverse American policy on this question is a blow to the U.S.-Israel relationship and a cause for deep concern among American Jews.”
 
The Anti-Defamation League also recently wrote to Clinton, asking that the U.S. seek council reform before joining the body.
 
ADL national director Abraham Foxman on Tuesday expressed concern about the decision.
 
“There is no question that the U.S. can play a decisive role in making U.N. institutions more effective, but the Human Rights Council has deep systemic flaws,” he said. “We remain concerned that the U.S. decision to join the Council before meaningful reforms are put into motion may not achieve this desired goal.”
 
Competition urged
 
In next month’s election, 18 seats will be up for grabs – five for Asia, five for Africa, three for the Western group, three for Latin America, and two for Eastern Europe. Members whose terms are expiring may stand for a second term (although they are not eligible for immediate re-election after two consecutive terms.)
 
Of those 18 seats, a number are currently held by countries often criticized for human rights abuses, including China, Cuba, Russia and Saudi Arabia. Nine of the 18 are now occupied by OIC members.
 
It is not yet clear which countries intend to stand down and which will seek a second term. Also in question is whether the five regional groups will put up more candidates than there are positions vacant, thus ensuring some element of competition.
 
Human rights groups are urging all five groups to present competitive slates.
 
Nonetheless, New Zealand early Wednesday announced it was now withdrawing its candidature for one of the Western seats, saying the move “will enable our many supporters to vote in substantial numbers” for the U.S. instead.
 
Barring any further developments, the U.S., Belgium and Norway will therefore be the unopposed candidates for three Western seats.